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وَدَّ كَثِیرࣱ مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبِ لَوۡ یَرُدُّونَكُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ إِیمَـٰنِكُمۡ كُفَّارًا حَسَدࣰا مِّنۡ عِندِ أَنفُسِهِم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا تَبَیَّنَ لَهُمُ ٱلۡحَقُّۖ فَٱعۡفُوا۟ وَٱصۡفَحُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ یَأۡتِیَ ٱللَّهُ بِأَمۡرِهِۦۤۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَیۡءࣲ قَدِیرࣱ
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿فاعْفُوا واصْفَحُوا حَتّى يَأْتِيَ اللَّهُ بِأمْرِهِ﴾ رَوى مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ قَتادَةَ في هَذِهِ الآيَةِ قالَ: نَسَخَتْها ﴿فاقْتُلُوا المُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٥]
His, the Exalted’s, statement: {So pardon and overlook until Allah brings His command}. Ma’mar narrated from Qatadah regarding this verse, he said: It was abrogated by {So kill the polytheists wherever you find them} [At-Tawbah: 5].
وحَدَّثَنا أبُو مُحَمَّدٍ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الواسِطِيُّ قالَ: حَدَّثَنا أبُو الفَضْلِ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ اليَمانِ قالَ: قُرِئَ عَلى أبِي عُبَيْدٍ وأنا أسْمَعُ قالَ: حَدَّثَنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صالِحٍ عَنْ مُعاوِيَةَ بْنِ صالِحٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أبِي طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبّاسٍ في قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿لَسْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمُصَيْطِرٍ﴾ [الغاشية: ٢٢] وقَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿وما أنْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِجَبّارٍ﴾ [ق: ٤٥] وقَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿فاعْفُ عَنْهم واصْفَحْ﴾ [المائدة: ١٣] وقَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَغْفِرُوا لِلَّذِينَ لا يَرْجُونَ أيّامَ اللَّهِ﴾ [الجاثية: ١٤]
And Abu Muhammad Ja’far ibn Muhammad al-Wasiti narrated to us, he said: Abu al-Fadl Ja’far ibn Muhammad ibn al-Yaman narrated to us, he said: It was recited to Abu ‘Ubayd while I was listening, he said: ‘Abdullah ibn Salih narrated to us from Mu’awiyah ibn Salih from ‘Ali ibn Abi Talhah from Ibn ‘Abbas regarding His, the Exalted’s, statement: {You are not over them a controller} [Al-Ghashiyah: 22], and His, the Exalted’s, statement: {And you are not over them a tyrant} [Qaf: 45], and His, the Exalted’s, statement: {So pardon them and overlook} [Al-Ma’idah: 13], and His, the Exalted’s, statement: {Say to those who have believed to forgive those who do not expect the days of Allah} [Al-Jathiyah: 14].
قالَ: نَسَخَ هَذا كُلَّهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿فاقْتُلُوا المُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وجَدْتُمُوهُمْ﴾ [التوبة: ٥] وقَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿قاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ ولا بِاليَوْمِ الآخِرِ ولا يُحَرِّمُونَ ما حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ورَسُولُهُ ولا يَدِينُونَ﴾ [التوبة: ٢٩] الآيَةُ، ومِثْلُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعالى ﴿فَأعْرِضْ عَنْ مَن تَوَلّى عَنْ ذِكْرِنا ولَمْ يُرِدْ إلا الحَياةَ الدُّنْيا﴾ [النجم: ٢٩] وقَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِي هي أحْسَنُ فَإذا الَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وبَيْنَهُ عَداوَةٌ كَأنَّهُ ولِيٌّ حَمِيمٌ﴾ [فصلت: ٣٤] وقَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿وإذا خاطَبَهُمُ الجاهِلُونَ قالُوا سَلامًا﴾ [الفرقان: ٦٣] يَعْنِي واللَّهُ أعْلَمُ مُتارَكَةً.
He said: All of this was abrogated by His, the Exalted’s, statement: {So kill the polytheists wherever you find them} [At-Tawbah: 5], and His, the Exalted’s, statement: {Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion [of truth]} [At-Tawbah: 29], the verse. And similar to it is His, the Exalted’s, statement {So turn away from he who turns away from Our remembrance and desires not except the life of this world} [An-Najm: 29], and His, the Exalted’s, statement: {Repel [evil] by that [deed] which is better; and thereupon the one whom between you and him is enmity [will become] as though he was a devoted friend} [Fussilat: 34], and His, the Exalted’s, statement: {and when the ignorant address them, they say, ‘[Peace]’} [Al-Furqan: 63], meaning, and Allah knows best, leaving them alone.
فَهَذِهِ الآياتُ كُلُّها أُنْزِلَتْ قَبْلَ لُزُومِ فَرْضِ القِتالِ، وذَلِكَ قَبْلَ الهِجْرَةِ؛ وإنَّما كانَ الغَرَضُ الدُّعاءَ إلى الدِّينِ حِينَئِذٍ بِالحِجاجِ والنَّظَرِ في مُعْجِزاتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وما أظْهَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلى يَدِهِ، وأنَّ مِثْلَهُ لا يُوجَدُ مَعَ غَيْرِ الأنْبِياءِ، ونَحْوُهُ قَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿قُلْ إنَّما أعِظُكم بِواحِدَةٍ أنْ تَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ مَثْنى وفُرادى ثُمَّ تَتَفَكَّرُوا ما بِصاحِبِكم مِن جِنَّةٍ﴾ [سبإ: ٤٦] وقَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿قالَ أوَلَوْ جِئْتُكم بِأهْدى مِمّا وجَدْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ آباءَكُمْ﴾ [الزخرف: ٢٤] وقَوْلُهُ تَعالى: ﴿أوَلَمْ تَأْتِهِمْ بَيِّنَةُ ما في الصُّحُفِ الأُولى﴾ [طه: ١٣٣] ﴿فَأنّى تُؤْفَكُونَ﴾ [الأنعام: ٩٥] ﴿أفَلا تَعْقِلُونَ﴾ [البقرة: ٤٤] ﴿فَأنّى تُصْرَفُونَ﴾ [يونس: ٣٢] ونَحْوُها مِنَ الآيِ الَّتِي فِيها الأمْرُ بِالنَّظَرِ في أمْرِ النَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وما أظْهَرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعالى لَهُ مِن أعْلامِ النُّبُوَّةِ والدَّلائِلِ الدّالَّةِ عَلى صِدْقِهِ ثُمَّ لَمّا هاجَرَ إلى المَدِينَةِ أمَرَهُ اللَّهُ تَعالى بِالقِتالِ بَعْدَ قَطْعِ العُذْرِ في الحِجاجِ وتَقْرِيرِهِ عِنْدَهم حِينَ اسْتَقَرَّتْ آياتُهُ ومُعْجِزاتُهُ عِنْدَ الحاضِرِ والبادِي والدّانِي والقاصِي بِالمُشاهَدَةِ والأخْبارِ المُسْتَفِيضَةِ الَّتِي لا يُكَذَّبُ مِثْلُها وسَنَذْكُرُ فَرْضَ القِتالِ عِنْدَ مَصِيرِنا إلى الآياتِ المُوجِبَةِ لَهُ إنْ شاءَ اللَّهُ تَعالى.
So all of these verses were revealed before the obligation of fighting became binding, and that was before the Hijrah (emigration). The purpose at that time was only the call to the religion through argumentation and consideration of the miracles of the Prophet ﷺ and what Allah manifested at his hand, and that the like of it is not found with other than the Prophets. And similar to it is His, the Exalted’s, statement: {Say, ‘I only advise you of one [thing] - that you stand for Allah, in pairs and individually, and then reflect. There is not in your companion any madness’} [Saba’: 46], and His, the Exalted’s, statement: {He said, ‘Even if I brought you better guidance than that upon which you found your fathers?’} [Az-Zukhruf: 24], and His, the Exalted’s, statement: {Has there not come to them the clear evidence of what was in the former scriptures?} [Taha: 133], {So how are you deluded?} [Al-An’am: 95], {Then will you not reason?} [Al-Baqarah: 44], {So how are you turned away?} [Yunus: 32], and other similar verses which contain the command to consider the matter of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and what Allah, the Exalted, manifested for him of the signs of prophethood and the proofs indicating his truthfulness. Then when he emigrated to Madinah, Allah, the Exalted, commanded him with fighting after the excuse in argumentation was cut off and established with them, when His signs and miracles had been settled with the resident and the nomad, the near and the far, by direct observation and widely-transmitted reports, the like of which cannot be denied. And we will mention the obligation of fighting when we arrive at the verses that mandate it, if Allah, the Exalted, wills.
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