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تِلۡكَ أُمَّةࣱ قَدۡ خَلَتۡۖ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتۡ وَلَكُم مَّا كَسَبۡتُمۡۖ وَلَا تُسۡـَٔلُونَ عَمَّا كَانُوا۟ یَعۡمَلُونَ
قَوْلُهُ تَعالى ﴿تِلْكَ أُمَّةٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ لَها ما كَسَبَتْ ولَكم ما كَسَبْتُمْ ولا تُسْألُونَ عَمّا كانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ﴾ يَدُلُّ عَلى ثَلاثَةِ مَعانٍ:
His statement, may He be exalted, {That was a nation which has passed on. It will have what it earned, and you will have what you have earned. And you will not be asked about what they used to do} indicates three meanings:
أحَدُها: أنَّ الأبْناءَ لا يُثابُونَ عَلى طاعَةِ الآباءِ ولا يُعَذَّبُونَ عَلى ذُنُوبِهِمْ. وفِيهِ إبْطالُ مَذْهَبِ مَن يُجِيزُ تَعْذِيبَ أوْلادِ المُشْرِكِينَ بِذُنُوبِ الآباءِ، ويُبْطِلُ مَذْهَبَ مَن يَزْعُمُ مِن اليَهُودِ أنَّ اللَّهَ تَعالى يَغْفِرُ لَهم ذُنُوبَهم بِصَلاحِ آبائِهِمْ.
The first of them: that children are not rewarded for the obedience of their fathers, nor are they punished for their sins. And in it is a refutation of the school of thought of those who permit the punishment of the children of the polytheists for the sins of their fathers, and it refutes the school of thought of those among the Jews who claim that Allah, the Exalted, forgives them their sins due to the righteousness of their forefathers.
وقَدْ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعالى هَذا المَعْنى في نَظائِرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الآياتِ، نَحْوُ قَوْلِهِ تَعالى: ﴿ولا تَكْسِبُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ إلا عَلَيْها﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٤] ﴿ولا تَزِرُ وازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرى﴾ [الأنعام: ١٦٤] وقالَ: ﴿فَإنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإنَّما عَلَيْهِ ما حُمِّلَ وعَلَيْكم ما حُمِّلْتُمْ﴾ [النور: ٥٤] وقَدْ بَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حِينَ قالَ لِأبِي رَمْثَةَ ورَآهُ مَعَ ابْنِهِ " أهُوَ ابْنُكَ ؟ " فَقالَ: نَعَمْ قالَ: أما إنَّهُ «لا يَجْنِي عَلَيْكَ ولا تَجْنِي عَلَيْهِ» .
And Allah, the Exalted, has mentioned this meaning in similar verses, such as His statement, the Exalted: {And every soul earns not [blame] except against itself} [Al-An’am: 164], {and no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another} [Al-An’am: 164]. And He said: {But if they turn away, then upon him is only that with which he has been charged, and upon you is that with which you have been charged} [An-Nur: 54]. And the Prophet ﷺ clarified that when he said to Abu Rimthah, having seen him with his son, “Is this your son?” So he said: Yes. He said: “Indeed, he does not commit a crime against you, and you do not commit a crime against him.”
وقالَ ﷺ: «يا بَنِي هاشِمٍ لا تَأْتِينِي النّاسُ بِأعْمالِهِمْ وتَأْتُونَ بِأنْسابِكم فَأقُولُ لا أُغْنِي عَنْكم مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا» وقالَ ﷺ: «مَن بَطَّأ بِهِ عَمَلُهُ لَمْ يُسْرِعْ بِهِ نَسَبُهُ» .
And he ﷺ said: “O Banu Hashim, let not the people come to me with their deeds while you come with your lineages, and I say, ‘I can avail you nothing from Allah.’” And he ﷺ said: “Whoever is slowed down by his deeds, his lineage will not speed him up.”
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